Luxembourg Population
Luxembourg had an estimated population of 686,970 in mid-2025 (World Bank), making it the 166th most populous of 217 countries and territories, with 0.01% of everyone alive. The counter above projects that figure forward at the current growth rate of +1.46% a year.
Luxembourg at a glance
How Luxembourg's population is changing
Luxembourg's population is growing: +1.46% a year, which works out to about +10,031 people per year, or +27 a day. Births (9.5 per 1,000) and deaths (6.6 per 1,000) alone would give +0.29% a year; net migration adds about 5,237 people a year (+0.76%). Roughly one in every 11,959 people on Earth lives in Luxembourg.
Population of Luxembourg since 1960
In 1960, Luxembourg had 313,970 people. By 2025 that was 686,970 — 2.2× larger. The fastest growth came between 2009 and 2019, when the population rose by 25%.
| Year | Population | Change vs previous row |
|---|---|---|
| 1960 | 313,970 | — |
| 1970 | 339,171 | +8.0% |
| 1980 | 364,150 | +7.4% |
| 1990 | 381,850 | +4.9% |
| 2000 | 436,300 | +14.3% |
| 2010 | 506,953 | +16.2% |
| 2020 | 630,419 | +24.4% |
| 2025 | 686,970 | +9.0% |
Luxembourg from 1800 to 2100
Modelled estimates put Luxembourg at about 127,030 people in 1800; the UN estimates 680,454 in 2025 (5× 1800) and projects 747,988 for 2100 in its medium scenario. The population is projected to peak around 2061 at 800,797 and decline afterwards.
| Year | Population | Kind |
|---|---|---|
| 1800 | 127,030 | modelled estimate |
| 1850 | 192,785 | modelled estimate |
| 1900 | 235,574 | modelled estimate |
| 1950 | 296,580 | UN estimate |
| 2000 | 436,142 | UN estimate |
| 2025 | 680,454 | UN projection |
| 2050 | 791,461 | UN projection |
| 2075 | 789,869 | UN projection |
| 2100 | 747,988 | UN projection |
Country live/base figures use World Bank estimates; this historical/future chart uses a separate UN series and need not match the World Bank base in overlapping years. Before 1950: HYDE 3.3 / Gapminder reconstructions via Our World in Data — historical modelling, not censuses. 1950–2023: UN World Population Prospects 2024. 2024–2100: UN medium projection. Open the time machine to see the whole map in any year.
Largest listed places in Luxembourg
10 records sorted by displayed base population. Definitions vary (province/administrative unit, UN urban centre or GeoNames settlement); this is not a harmonised city ranking. Shares use World Bank 2025 country population 686,970. Dates and boundaries may differ. Overlapping entities are not summed.
| # | Place | Population | Definition | Share | Source / reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Luxembourg | 76,684 | GeoNames settlement | 11.16% | GeoNames settlement record; Population reference date not supplied in local record |
| 2 | Esch-sur-Alzette | 36,625 | GeoNames settlement | 5.33% | GeoNames settlement record; Population reference date not supplied in local record |
| 3 | Dudelange | 18,013 | GeoNames settlement | 2.62% | GeoNames settlement record; Population reference date not supplied in local record |
| 4 | Belvaux | 8,329 | GeoNames settlement | 1.21% | GeoNames settlement record; Population reference date not supplied in local record |
| 5 | Schifflange | 8,155 | GeoNames settlement | 1.19% | GeoNames settlement record; Population reference date not supplied in local record |
| 6 | Walferdange | 7,819 | GeoNames settlement | 1.14% | GeoNames settlement record; Population reference date not supplied in local record |
| 7 | Rodange | 7,774 | GeoNames settlement | 1.13% | GeoNames settlement record; Population reference date not supplied in local record |
| 8 | Bettembourg | 7,437 | GeoNames settlement | 1.08% | GeoNames settlement record; Population reference date not supplied in local record |
| 9 | Diekirch | 7,295 | GeoNames settlement | 1.06% | GeoNames settlement record; Population reference date not supplied in local record |
| 10 | Pétange | 7,187 | GeoNames settlement | 1.05% | GeoNames settlement record; Population reference date not supplied in local record |
How Luxembourg compares
Luxembourg has almost the same population as Macau (685,900).
| Rank | Country | Population | vs Luxembourg | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| #164 |  Guyana | 835,986 | +22% | compare → |
| #165 |  Bhutan | 796,682 | +16% | compare → |
| #167 |  Macau | 685,900 | −0% | compare → |
| #168 |  Suriname | 639,850 | −7% | compare → |
Compare Luxembourg with any country →
Same region (Europe & Central Asia): Russia, Türkiye, Germany, United Kingdom, France, Italy.
Explore around Luxembourg
Land neighbours (3)
Germany 83,491,249 · 121.5× the population · compare
France 68,720,337 · 100.0× the population · compare
Belgium 11,941,781 · 17.4× the population · compare
Luxembourg's 3 neighbours together hold 164,153,367 people — 239.0× Luxembourg's population. The most populous is Germany (83,491,249).
In its region
Luxembourg is the 47th most populous of the 58 economies in Europe & Central Asia, holding 0.1% of the region's 932,525,035 people.
Rankings featuring Luxembourg
Cities
Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Dudelange, Belvaux, Schifflange, Walferdange, Rodange, Bettembourg — all Luxembourg's cities on the map.
World population history · The world when you were born · Luxembourg when you were born · Time machine · Embed this live counter on your site
About these numbers
Population, growth, birth and death rates, migration, density, age structure, life expectancy, fertility and GDP per capita come from the World Bank Indicators API (latest available year shown beside each figure). The live counter applies the annual growth rate continuously from 1 July 2025 — a model, not a measurement. City populations are the latest census or official estimate held by GeoNames and are not projected. Sub-city units are folded into their parent city.
What changed during your lifetime?
Turn these figures into a private, five-scene personal world story.
Read this country carefully
This page is a structured reference entry. Its sources, geographic definition and reference dates determine what the figures mean; it is not independent reporting about the causes of change. Read the accompanying explanation before comparing different places or vintages.