Japan vs Thailand
Japan has 1.7× the population of Thailand: 123,366,734 vs 71,619,863, a gap of 51.7 million. Thailand is shrinking more slowly (−0.07% vs −0.49% a year), adding about -48,132 people a year against −607,141. Using continuous exponential growth from the stated base year, if these rates held, Thailand would overtake Japan in about 128 years (from the 2025 population bases, around 2153) — a projection, not a forecast. Japan is the older society: 30.0% aged 65+ against 16.0% in Thailand, while Thailand has more children (14.4% under 15 vs 11.2%). Japan is 2.4× as densely populated (341.5 vs 140.3 people per km²). People in Japan live 7.5 years longer on average (84.0 vs 76.6). GDP per capita is 4.5× higher in Japan ($35,951 vs $8,057).
Country/territory population bases: World Bank 2025 (Japan) and 2025 (Thailand); growth years 2025 / 2025. Annual source values, not live counts; years may differ. Growth is national, not local.
Japan vs Thailand — side by side
 Japan |  Thailand | |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 123,366,7342025 | 71,619,8632025 |
| Growth rate / yr | −0.49%2025 | −0.07%2025 |
| Births per 1,000 | 5.72024 | 8.12024 |
| Deaths per 1,000 | 13.32024 | 9.02024 |
| Children per woman | 1.152024 | 1.202024 |
| Life expectancy | 84.0 yrs2024 | 76.6 yrs2024 |
| Aged 0–14 | 11.2%2025 | 14.4%2025 |
| Aged 65+ | 30.0%2025 | 16.0%2025 |
| Density | 341.5 /km²2023 | 140.3 /km²2023 |
| Area | 377,969 km²2023 | 513,115 km²2023 |
| Urban population | 92.3%2025 | 62.8%2025 |
| Net migration / yr | +140,5792025 | +27,5092025 |
| GDP per capita | $35,9512025 | $8,0572025 |
| Country population rank (available records) | #12 | #20 |
| Base / world population (World Bank 2025) | 1.50% | 0.87% |
Highlighted cell = the higher value (not "better"). Small print under each value is its own data year. Source: World Bank; country/territory population bases may have different years. These are not live counts.
Population since 1960
World Bank population history (not the separate UN WPP timeline). Japan: 1.3× from 1960 to 2025; Thailand: 2.7× from 1960 to 2025. Left: absolute population. Right: each series indexed to its own first available year = 100; baseline years may differ.
More comparisons
Region: East Asia & Pacific · rankings
Japan: Japan vs India, Japan vs China, Japan vs United States, Japan vs Indonesia, Japan vs Pakistan, Japan vs Nigeria, Japan vs Brazil, Japan vs Bangladesh.
Thailand: Thailand vs India, Thailand vs China, Thailand vs United States, Thailand vs Indonesia, Thailand vs Pakistan, Thailand vs Nigeria, Thailand vs Brazil, Thailand vs Bangladesh.
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