Canada Population
Canada had an estimated population of 41,651,653 in mid-2025 (World Bank), making it the 38th most populous of 217 countries and territories, with 0.51% of everyone alive. The counter above projects that figure forward at the current growth rate of +0.94% a year.
Canada at a glance
How Canada's population is changing
Canada's population is growing: +0.94% a year, which works out to about +391,155 people per year, or +1,071 a day. Births (8.9 per 1,000) and deaths (7.9 per 1,000) alone would give +0.10% a year; net migration adds about 326,204 people a year (+0.78%). Roughly one in every 197 people on Earth lives in Canada.
Population of Canada since 1960
In 1960, Canada had 17,909,356 people. By 2025 that was 41,651,653 — 2.3× larger. The fastest growth came between 1961 and 1971, when the population rose by 20%.
| Year | Population | Change vs previous row |
|---|---|---|
| 1960 | 17,909,356 | — |
| 1970 | 21,324,000 | +19.1% |
| 1980 | 24,515,667 | +15.0% |
| 1990 | 27,691,138 | +13.0% |
| 2000 | 30,685,730 | +10.8% |
| 2010 | 34,005,902 | +10.8% |
| 2020 | 38,028,638 | +11.8% |
| 2025 | 41,651,653 | +9.5% |
Canada from 1800 to 2100
Modelled estimates put Canada at about 500,000 people in 1800; the UN estimates 40,126,728 in 2025 (80× 1800) and projects 53,612,233 for 2100 in its medium scenario. That is still 34% growth over the rest of this century.
| Year | Population | Kind |
|---|---|---|
| 1800 | 500,000 | modelled estimate |
| 1850 | 2,476,448 | modelled estimate |
| 1900 | 5,414,425 | modelled estimate |
| 1950 | 13,741,740 | UN estimate |
| 2000 | 30,891,800 | UN estimate |
| 2025 | 40,126,728 | UN projection |
| 2050 | 45,621,880 | UN projection |
| 2075 | 49,661,526 | UN projection |
| 2100 | 53,612,233 | UN projection |
Country live/base figures use World Bank estimates; this historical/future chart uses a separate UN series and need not match the World Bank base in overlapping years. Before 1950: HYDE 3.3 / Gapminder reconstructions via Our World in Data — historical modelling, not censuses. 1950–2023: UN World Population Prospects 2024. 2024–2100: UN medium projection. Open the time machine to see the whole map in any year.
Largest listed places in Canada
10 records sorted by displayed base population. Definitions vary (province/administrative unit, UN urban centre or GeoNames settlement); this is not a harmonised city ranking. Shares use World Bank 2025 country population 41,651,653. Dates and boundaries may differ. Overlapping entities are not summed.
| # | Place | Population | Definition | Share | Source / reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Toronto | 5,494,431 | UN urban centre | 13.19% | UN DESA, World Urbanization Prospects 2025; 2025 annual estimate |
| 2 | Montréal | 2,668,723 | UN urban centre | 6.41% | UN DESA, World Urbanization Prospects 2025; 2025 annual estimate |
| 3 | Vancouver | 1,707,865 | UN urban centre | 4.10% | UN DESA, World Urbanization Prospects 2025; 2025 annual estimate |
| 4 | Calgary | 1,197,110 | UN urban centre | 2.87% | UN DESA, World Urbanization Prospects 2025; 2025 annual estimate |
| 5 | Edmonton | 981,522 | UN urban centre | 2.36% | UN DESA, World Urbanization Prospects 2025; 2025 annual estimate |
| 6 | Mississauga | 717,961 | GeoNames settlement | 1.72% | GeoNames settlement record; Population reference date not supplied in local record |
| 7 | Winnipeg | 679,037 | UN urban centre | 1.63% | UN DESA, World Urbanization Prospects 2025; 2025 annual estimate |
| 8 | Brampton | 656,480 | GeoNames settlement | 1.58% | GeoNames settlement record; Population reference date not supplied in local record |
| 9 | Ottawa | 605,121 | UN urban centre | 1.45% | UN DESA, World Urbanization Prospects 2025; 2025 annual estimate |
| 10 | Québec | 490,451 | UN urban centre | 1.18% | UN DESA, World Urbanization Prospects 2025; 2025 annual estimate |
How Canada compares
Canada has almost the same population as Yemen (41,773,878).
| Rank | Country | Population | vs Canada | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| #36 |  Afghanistan | 43,844,111 | +5% | compare → |
| #37 |  Yemen | 41,773,878 | +0% | compare → |
| #39 |  Angola | 39,040,039 | −6% | compare → |
| #40 |  Ukraine | 38,980,376 | −6% | compare → |
Compare Canada with any country →
Same region (North America): United States, Bermuda.
Explore around Canada
Land neighbours (1)
United States 341,784,857 · 8.2× the population · compare
Canada's 1 neighbours together hold 341,784,857 people — 8.2× Canada's population. The most populous is United States (341,784,857).
In its region
Canada is the 2nd most populous of the 3 economies in North America, holding 10.9% of the region's 383,501,065 people.
Rankings featuring Canada
Cities
Toronto, Montréal, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Mississauga, Winnipeg, Brampton — all Canada's cities on the map.
World population history · The world when you were born · Canada when you were born · Time machine · Embed this live counter on your site
About these numbers
Population, growth, birth and death rates, migration, density, age structure, life expectancy, fertility and GDP per capita come from the World Bank Indicators API (latest available year shown beside each figure). The live counter applies the annual growth rate continuously from 1 July 2025 — a model, not a measurement. City populations are the latest census or official estimate held by GeoNames and are not projected. Sub-city units are folded into their parent city.
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Read this country carefully
This page is a structured reference entry. Its sources, geographic definition and reference dates determine what the figures mean; it is not independent reporting about the causes of change. Read the accompanying explanation before comparing different places or vintages.